Ngokuthuthuka kwezinga lezomnotho emhlabeni, izinga lesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuqwashisa ngezempilo, ukudla “okuluhlaza” kanye “nemvelo” kuye kwavela njengokudinga izikhathi, futhi kuye kwaqashelwa futhi kwamukelwa umphakathi.Imboni yezilwane ezifuywayo iyadlondlobala futhi iyakhula, futhi abathandi bezilwane ezifuywayo babheka izilwane ezifuywayo njengamalungu omndeni.Amagama anjengokuthi “emvelo”, “okuluhlaza”, “okwangempela” kanye “nemvelo” asephenduke indawo yesimo sezulu ukuze abantu bakhethe imikhiqizo yezilwane ezifuywayo.Abantu bakhathazeke kakhulu ngempilo yezilwane ezifuywayo kunamanani omkhiqizo wezilwane ezifuywayo.Kodwa-ke, abathengi abaningi abacaci ngekhwalithi nezici zokudla kwezilwane "zemvelo".Lesi sihloko sifinyeza kafushane incazelo nezici zayo.
1.Incazelo yamazwe ngamazwe "yemvelo" yokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo
"Imvelo" igama elivame ukuvela ezikhwameni zokupakisha zokudla kwezilwane zamazwe ngamazwe.Kunezincazelo eziningi zaleli gama, futhi ukuhunyushwa kwezwi nezwi kwasekhaya kusho "imvelo".“Okwemvelo” ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokusha, okungacutshungulwanga, okungenayo izilondolozi, izithasiselo nezithako zokwenziwa.I-American Association for Feed Control (AAFCO) ivumela ukudla kwesilwane esifuywayo ukuthi kubhalwe ngokuthi “imvelo” uma kuthathwe ezitshalweni, ezilwaneni noma kumaminerali kuphela, akuqukethe izithasiselo, futhi akukenziwanga ukucutshungulwa kwamakhemikhali.Incazelo ye-AAFCO iqhubekela phambili futhi ithi “ukudla kwemvelo” kungukudla okungacutshungulwanga noma okungazange kucutshungulwe “ngokucutshungulwa komzimba, ukushisisa, ukukhishwa, ukuhlanzwa, ukugxilisa ingqondo, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, i-enzymatic hydrolysis, noma ukuvutshelwa.”Ngakho-ke, uma amavithamini ahlanganiswe ngamakhemikhali, amaminerali noma izakhi zokulandelela zengezwa, ukudla kusengabizwa ngokuthi "ukudla kwesilwane semvelo", njengokuthi "ukudla kwesilwane semvelo esinamavithamini namaminerali angeziwe".Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi incazelo ye-AAFCO yokuthi “imvelo” icacisa kuphela inqubo yokukhiqiza futhi ayibhekiseli ekushayweni nekhwalithi yokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo.Izinkukhu ezisezingeni eliphansi, izinkukhu ezingafanelekile ukudliwa abantu, kanye namazinga amabi kakhulu okudla kwezinkukhu kusahlangabezana nenqubo ye-AAFCO “yokudla kwemvelo.”Amafutha e-Rancid asahlangabezana nenqubo ye-AAFCO "yokudla kwesilwane esifuywayo semvelo," njengezinhlamvu eziqukethe isikhunta nama-mycotoxins.
2.Imithetho mayelana nezimangalo “zemvelo” “Kumithetho Yokulebula Okuphakelayo Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo”
“Imithetho Yokulebula Isiphakeli Sezilwane Ezifuywayo” idinga: Isibonelo, zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuphakelayo kanye nezithasiselo zokudla ezisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yokuphakelwa kwezilwane zisuka ekucutshungulweni kwenqubo engacutshungulwanga, okungeyona eyamakhemikhali noma kuphela ngokucubungula okungokoqobo, ukucubungula okushisayo, ukukhishwa, ukuhlanzwa, i-hydrolysis, i-enzymatic hydrolysis, ukuvutshelwa Noma isitshalo, isilwane noma izakhi zokulandela umkhondo ezicutshungulwa ugwayi nezinye izinqubo zingafaka isimangalo esibonakalayo kumkhiqizo, zithi “imvelo”, “okusanhlamvu kwemvelo” noma amagama afanayo kufanele kusetshenziswe.Isibonelo, uma amavithamini, ama-amino acid, kanye nezakhi zokulandelela zamaminerali ezengezwe emikhiqizweni yokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo kuhlanganiswa ngamakhemikhali, umkhiqizo ungabizwa nangokuthi "ukudla kwemvelo" noma "ukudla kwemvelo", kodwa amavithamini, ama-amino acid, namaminerali asetshenzisiwe kufanele. zibuyekezwe ngesikhathi esifanayo.Izakhi zokulandelela zibhalwe, zithi amagama athi "izinhlamvu zemvelo, ezingezwe nge-XX" kufanele zisetshenziswe;uma amabili (amakilasi) noma angaphezu kwamabili (amakilasi) amavithamini ahlanganiswe ngamakhemikhali, ama-amino acid, kanye nezakhi zokulandelela zamaminerali, okuphakelayo kungasetshenziswa esicelweni.Igama lekilasi lesengezo.Isibonelo: "izinhlamvu zemvelo, ezinamavithamini angeziwe", "izinhlamvu zemvelo, ezinamavithamini angeziwe nama-amino acid", "imibala yemvelo", "izinto zokulondolozwa kwemvelo".
3.Izivimbelakuvunda "ekudleni kwesilwane esifuywayo semvelo"
Umehluko wangempela phakathi "kokudla kwesilwane esifuywayo semvelo" nokunye ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo usohlotsheni lwezilondolozi eziqukethwe.
1) I-Vitamin E eyinkimbinkimbi
"I-Vitamin E complex" iyingxube ye-beta-vitamin E, i-gamma-vitamin E, ne-delta-vitamin E esetshenziselwa ukulondoloza ukudla kwesilwane.Akuwona wokwenziwa, uyisivikelo semvelo, futhi ususelwa ezintweni zemvelo.I-extract ingatholakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene: ukukhishwa kotshwala, ukuwasha kanye nokukhishwa kwe-distillation, i-saponification noma i-liquid-liquid extraction.Ngakho-ke, i-vitamin E eyinkimbinkimbi ingahlukaniswa esigabeni sezilondolozi zemvelo, kodwa asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi itholakala ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zemvelo.I-Vitamin E complex ingasetshenziswa kuphela ukuze igcinwe futhi ayinayo imisebenzi yezinto eziphilayo ezinjeni, kodwa i-vitamin ayinawo umphumela wokulondoloza futhi inomsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo kuphela emzimbeni.Ngakho-ke, i-AAFCO ibhekisela ku-a-vitamin E njengevithamini futhi ihlukanisa amavithamini ngaphandle kwe-a-vitamin E njengezilondolozi zamakhemikhali.
2) Ama-Antioxidants
Ukuze ugweme ukudideka kwemiqondo, umqondo we "antioxidant" watholakala.I-Vitamin E kanye nama-preservatives manje sekubizwe ngokuhlangene njengama-antioxidants, ikilasi lemikhiqizo ephuza noma evimbela ukukhishwa kwe-oxidation.Uvithamini E osebenzayo (a-vitamin E) usebenza njenge-antioxidant ngaphakathi emzimbeni, uvimbela i-oxidation yamangqamuzana nezicubu, kuyilapho i-preservative yemvelo (i-vitamin E complex) isebenza njenge-antioxidant ekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo, ivimbela ukulimala kwe-oxidative ezithakweni zokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo.Ama-antioxidants okwenziwa ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi asebenza kangcono ekugcineni ukuqina kokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo.Udinga ukungeza izikhathi ezi-2 inani lama-antioxidants emvelo ukuze uthole umphumela ofanayo nama-antioxidants okwenziwa.Ngakho-ke, ama-antioxidants okwenziwa anemisebenzi engcono yokulwa ne-antioxidant.Mayelana nokuphepha, kubikwa ukuthi kokubili ama-antioxidants emvelo kanye nama-antioxidant okwenziwa anokusabela okungalungile okuthile, kodwa imibiko yocwaningo efanele iyiziphetho ezitholwa ngokuphakela inani elikhulu lezilwane ezihlolwayo.Akuzange kube nemibiko yokuthi ukudla okuningi kwemvelo noma ama-antioxidant okwenziwa kunomthelela omubi kakhulu empilweni yezinja.Kungokufanayo nange-calcium, usawoti, uvithamini A, i-zinc, nezinye izakhi.Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kuyingozi empilweni, futhi ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngokweqile kuyingozi emzimbeni.Okubaluleke kakhulu, indima yama-antioxidant ukuvimbela amafutha ukuba angadli, kanti nakuba ukuphepha kwama-antioxidants kunempikiswano, akukho ukuphikiswa ukuthi ama-peroxides atholakala emafutheni e-rancid ayingozi empilweni.Ama-peroxide emafutheni aluhlaza aphinde alimaza amavithamini A, D, E, no-K ancibilika kumafutha. Ukusabela okungekuhle ekudleni okune-rancid kuvame kakhulu ezinjeni kunama-antioxidants emvelo noma okwenziwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-21-2022