Ⅰ.Izici zokudla
1. Umthombo wezingxenye zokudla kanye nokuqukethwe okuphelele kwezakhi kuzothinta ukuzimisela kokugaya.Ngaphezu kwalokhu, umphumela wokucubungula ukudla ekugayeni ukudla awukwazi ukushaywa indiva.
2. Ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana zezinto ezingavuthiwe zokudla kungathuthukisa ukugayeka kokudla, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusetshenziswa kokuphakelayo, kodwa kuzoholela ekukhiqizeni okuncishisiwe phakathi nokucubungula okuphakelayo, izindleko zokuphakelayo ezikhuphukile, nokuncipha kokuhamba.
3. Izimo zokucubungula zegumbi lokwelashwa kwangaphambili, ukuchotshozwa kwezinhlayiyana, inqubo ye-extrusion steam granulation noma isomisi kungathinta inani lokudla okuphakelayo kanjalo nokugaya.
4. Ukuphakelwa nokuphathwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo nakho kungathinta ukugayeka kokudla, njengohlobo nenani lokudla okuphakelwe ngaphambilini.
Ⅱ.Izici zesilwane esifuywayo ngokwaso
Izici zezilwane, okuhlanganisa ukuzalanisa, ubudala, ubulili, izinga lomsebenzi, nesimo somzimba, kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe lapho kunqunywa ukugayeka kokudla.
1. Ithonya lokuhlukahluka
1) Ukuze ufunde umphumela wezinhlobo ezahlukene, uMeyer et al.(1999) wenze ukuhlolwa kokugaya ukudla ngezinja ezihlukene eziyi-10 ezinesisindo esingu-4.252.5 kg (izinja ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-9 ngohlobo ngalunye).Phakathi kwazo, izinja zokuhlola zondliwa ngokudla okusemathinini noma okomile kwezentengiselwano ngendaba eyomile ye-13g / (kg BW · d), kuyilapho ama-wolfhounds ase-Ireland aphiwa ukudla okusemathinini ngendaba eyomile ethatha i-10g / d.(kg BW·d).Izinhlobo ezisindayo zazinamanzi amaningi ezindleni zazo, indle ephansi kanye nokuphuma kwamathumbu kaningi.Ocwaningweni, indle yohlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke, i-Irish wolfhound, yayinamanzi amancane kune-Labrador retriever, okusikisela ukuthi isisindo kwakungesona ukuphela kwesici okufanele sicatshangelwe.Umehluko obonakalayo wokugayeka kokudla phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo wawumncane.UJames noMcCay (1950) noKendall et al.(1983) bathola ukuthi izinja ezinosayizi ophakathi (i-Salukis, i-German Shepherds kanye ne-Basset hounds) nezinja ezincane (i-Dachshunds ne-Beagles) zine-digestibility efanayo, futhi kukho kokubili Ekuhlolweni, izisindo zomzimba phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuhlola zaziseduze kangangokuthi umehluko ekugayekeni abemancane.Leli phuzu laba iphuzu elibalulekile lokujwayela kokuncipha kwesisindo samathumbu ngokuzuza isisindo kusukela ngo-Kirkwood (1985) kanye noMeyer et al.(1993).Isisindo esingenalutho samathumbu ezinja ezincane sithatha u-6% kuya ku-7% wesisindo somzimba, kuyilapho izinja ezinkulu zehla zaya ku-3% kuya ku-4%.
2) U-Weber et al.(2003) ufunde umthelela weminyaka yobudala nosayizi womzimba ekugayekeni okusobala kokudla okukhishiwe.Ukugayeka kokudla okunomsoco kwakuphakeme kakhulu ezinjeni ezinkulu kuwo wonke amaqembu obudala, nakuba lezi zinja ezinkulu zazinamaphuzu aphansi ezihlalo kanye nomswakama ophezulu wendle.
2. Umphumela weminyaka yobudala
1) Ocwaningweni luka-Weber et al.(2003) ngenhla, ukugaywa kwama-macronutrients ezinhlotsheni ezine zezinja ezisetshenziswe ekuhloleni kwanda kakhulu ngeminyaka yobudala (amaviki angu-1-60).
2) I-Shields (1993) ucwaningo ngemidlwane yase-French Brittany yabonisa ukuthi ukugayeka kwento eyomile, amaprotheni namandla ezinjeni ezinamaviki angu-11 ubudala kwakungamaphesenti angu-1, 5 kanye nama-3 aphansi kunalawo ezinja ezindala ezineminyaka engu-2-4, ngokulandelana. .Kodwa awukho umehluko otholakele phakathi kwezinja ezinezinyanga eziyisi-6 nezineminyaka engu-2 ubudala.Akukacaci ukuthi ukuncipha kokugaya ukudla emidlwaneni kubangelwa ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kokudla kuphela (isisindo somzimba esihlobene noma ubude bamathumbu), noma ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kokugaya kuleli qembu lobudala.
3) Buffington et al.(1989) waqhathanisa ukugayeka kokudla kwezinja ze-beagle ezineminyaka emi-2 kuya kweyi-17.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi, ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-10, akukho ukwehla kokugaya okutholakele.Eminyakeni engu-15-17 ubudala, ukwehla okuncane kuphela kokugaya kwabonwa.
3. Umphumela wobulili
Kukhona izifundo ezimbalwa uma kuqhathaniswa ngomthelela wobulili ekugayeni ukudla.Abesilisa ezinjeni nasemakati banokudla okuphakeme kanye nokukhipha isisu kunezinsikazi, futhi ukugayeka kokudla okunomsoco okuphansi kunabesifazane, futhi umphumela wokuhluka kobulili emakatini mkhulu kunezinja.
III.Izici zemvelo
Izimo zezindlu kanye nezici zemvelo zibonakala zithonya ukugayeka kokudla, kodwa ucwaningo lwezinja ezigcinwe emakhejini e-metabolic noma ezindlini eziphathwayo zibonise ukugayeka kokudla ngendlela efanayo kungakhathaliseki izimo zezindlu.
Izici zemvelo ezisebenzayo, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa lomoya, umswakama, isivinini somoya, ukumbozwa kwaphansi, ukwahlukanisa nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kwezindonga nophahla, kanye nokusebenzisana kwazo, konke kungaba nomthelela ekugayekeni kwezakhi.Izinga lokushisa lisebenza nge-metabolism enxephezelayo ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa lomzimba noma ukudla okuphelele ngezindlela ezimbili.Ezinye izici zemvelo, njengobudlelwane phakathi kwabaphathi nezilwane zokuhlola kanye ne-photoperiod, zingase zibe nomthelela ekugayekeni kwezakhi, kodwa le miphumela kunzima ukuyilinganisa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-16-2022