1.Isingeniso sesipinashi
Isipinashi (i-Spinacia oleracea L.), eyaziwa nangokuthi imifino yasePheresiya, imifino yezimpande ezibomvu, imifino yopholi, njll., siyingxenye yohlobo lwesipinashi somndeni we-Chenopodiaceae, futhi siyingxenye yesigaba esifanayo namabhithi kanye nequinoa.Isitshalo saminyaka yonke esinamaqabunga aluhlaza emazingeni ahlukene okuvuthwa atholakalayo ukuze kuvunwe.Izitshalo ezifika ku-1 m ubude, izimpande ze-conical, ezibomvu, ezingavamile ezimhlophe, i-halberd kuya ku-ovate, eluhlaza okotshani, ephelele noma enama-lobes afana nezinyo.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zesipinashi, ezingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: esinameva nesingenameva.
Isipinashi isitshalo saminyaka yonke futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zesipinashi, ezinye zazo ezilungele ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano.Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyisisekelo zesipinashi ezitshalwa e-United States: amaqabunga ashwabene (agoqiwe), ayisicaba (amaqabunga abushelelezi), kanye ne-semi-fried (egoqwe kancane).Zombili ziyimifino enamaqabunga futhi umehluko omkhulu ukushuba kwamaqabunga noma ukumelana nokuphatha.Izinhlobo ezintsha ezineziqu ezibomvu namaqabunga nazo zakhiwe e-United States.
I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wesipinashi, elandelwa yi-US, nakuba ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kukhule kancane kancane eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, kufinyelela ku-1.5 pounds per capita.Njengamanje, iCalifornia inamahektha angaba ngu-47,000 amahektha atshaliwe, kanti isipinashi saseCalifornia sihamba phambili ngenxa yokukhiqiza unyaka wonke.Ngokungafani nezingadi zasegcekeni, lawa mapulazi entengiso atshala izitshalo eziyizigidi eziyi-1.5-2.3 ehektheleni ngalinye futhi akhula ezindaweni ezinkulu ezingama-intshi angu-40-80 ukuze kube lula ukuvunwa ngomshini.
2.Inani lesondlo sesipinashi
Ngokombono wokudla okunomsoco, isipinashi siqukethe imisoco ethile ebalulekile, kodwa kukho konke, isithako esiyinhloko sesipinashi amanzi (91.4%).Nakuba kugxilwe kakhulu ezakhiweni ezisebenzayo ngesisekelo esomile, ukugxila kwe-macronutrient kuyancipha kakhulu (isb, 2.86% amaprotheni, 0.39% amafutha, 1.72% umlotha).Isibonelo, i-fiber ephelele yokudla imayelana nama-25% wesisindo esomile.Isipinashi siphezulu kuma-micronutrients afana ne-potassium (6.74%), i-iron (315 mg/kg), i-folic acid (22 mg/kg), i-vitamin K1 (i-phylloquinone, 56 mg/kg), i-vitamin C (3,267 mg) /kg) , i-betaine (>12,000 mg/kg), i-carotenoid B-carotene (654 mg/kg) ne-lutein + zeaxanthin (1,418 mg/kg).Ngaphezu kwalokho, isipinashi siqukethe ama-metabolites esibili ahlukahlukene akhiqizwa yi-flavonoid derivatives, enemiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi iqukethe ukugxila okukhulu kwe-phenolic acid, njenge-p-coumaric acid ne-ferulic acid, i-p-hydroxybenzoic acid ne-vanillic acid, nama-lignans ahlukahlukene.Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi, izinhlobo ezahlukene zesipinashi zinezakhiwo ze-antioxidant.Umbala oluhlaza wesipinashi uvela ikakhulukazi ku-chlorophyll, ekhonjiswe ukuthi ibambezela ukuphuma kwesisu, inciphise i-ghrelin, futhi ikhulise i-GLP-1, ezuzisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.Mayelana ne-omega-3s, isipinashi siqukethe i-stearidonic acid kanye ne-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ne-alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).Isipinashi sine-nitrate okwakucatshangwa ukuthi iyingozi kodwa manje okucatshangwa ukuthi inenzuzo empilweni.Ibuye ibe nama-oxalates, okuthi, nakuba ingancishiswa nge-blanching, ingaba nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwamatshe esinyeni.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwesipinashi ekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo
Isipinashi sigcwele imisoco futhi siyisengezo esihle ekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo.Isipinashi sifika kuqala phakathi kwe-superfoods, ukudla okunama-antioxidants emvelo, izinto eziphilayo, i-fiber esebenzayo kanye nemisoco ebalulekile.Nakuba abaningi bethu bakhule bengasithandi isipinashi, sitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zokudla nokudla namuhla, okuvame ukusetshenziswa njengemifino yesizini entsha kumasaladi noma kumasemishi esikhundleni sikalethisi.Njengoba kunikezwe izinzuzo zaso ekudleni komuntu, isipinashi manje sisetshenziswa ekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
Isipinashi sinokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene ekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo: ukuqinisa umsoco, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukwanda kwemakethe, futhi uhlu luyaqhubeka.Ukwengezwa kwesipinashi empeleni akunayo imiphumela emibi, futhi kunezinzuzo njengokuthi "ukudla okuphezulu" ekudleni kwesimanje kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
Ukuhlolwa kwesipinashi ekudleni kwezinja kwanyatheliswa ngo-1918 (McClugage and Mendel, 1918).Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi isipinashi i-chlorophyll idonswa futhi ithuthelwe ezicutshini yizinja (Fernandes et al., 2007) futhi ingase izuze i-oxidation yamaselula nokusebenza komzimba wokuzivikela.Olunye ucwaningo oluningi lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi isipinashi singathuthukisa ukuqonda njengengxenye ye-antioxidant complex.
Ngakho-ke, usengeza kanjani isipinashi ekudleni okuyisisekelo kwesilwane sakho?
Isipinashi singengezwa ekudleni kwesilwane esifuywayo njengesithako futhi ngezinye izikhathi njengombala ekuphatheni okuthile.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wengeza isipinashi esomisiwe noma esinamaqabunga, inani elengeziwe ngokuvamile lincane—cishe u-0.1% noma ngaphansi, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yentengo ephezulu, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi alibambeki kahle ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa, futhi amaqabunga abe Udaka olufana nemifino. , amaqabunga omisiwe aphuka kalula.Kodwa-ke, ukubukeka okungalungile akuphazamisi ukubaluleka kwayo, kodwa imiphumela ye-antioxidant, i-immune noma yokudla okunempilo ingase ibe yinto engasho lutho ngenxa yomthamo ophansi osebenzayo owengeziwe.Ngakho-ke kungcono ukunquma ukuthi umthamo osebenzayo wama-antioxidants uyini, kanye nenani eliphezulu lesipinashi isilwane sakho esingabekezelela (okungabangela izinguquko ephunga lokudla kanye nokunambitha).
E-United States, kunemithetho ethile elawula ukutshalwa, ukuvunwa kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwesipinashi ukuze sidliwe abantu (80 FR 74354, 21CFR112).Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi iningi lesipinashi ku-supply chain livela emthonjeni ofanayo, lo mthetho uyasebenza nasekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo.Isipinashi sase-US sithengiswa ngaphansi kwe-US No. 1 noma i-US No. 2 yokuqokwa okujwayelekile.I-US No. 2 ifaneleka kakhulu ukudla kwesilwane esifuywayo ngoba ingangezwa ku-premix ukuze icutshungulwe.Ama-spinashi chips omisiwe nawo asetshenziswa kakhulu.Lapho kucutshungulwa izingcezu zemifino, amaqabunga emifino evuniwe ayagezwa futhi aphelelwe amanzi, bese omiswa ethreyini noma emshinini wokomisa imigqomo, futhi umoya oshisayo usetshenziselwa ukususa umswakama, futhi ngemva kokuhlunga, ahlanganiswe ukuze asetshenziswe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-25-2022